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April 2025
What is therapeutic drug monitoring?
What is drug monitoring and what is its purpose? The term therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was used historically...
February 2025
How to calculate drug dosage for special populations
Optimising drug dosage for special populations Everyone responds differently to medicines, known as inter-individual variation in drug response....
January 2025
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships
What is pharmacodynamics? It has been said that pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the drug (absorption,...
December 2024
What is an excipient?
The word excipient is used to describe any component of a medicine that isn't the active ingredient. Most...
December 2024
What are Black Triangle drugs?
The Black Triangle Scheme is a pharmacovigilance programme that collects data on selected medicines and vaccines after they...
November 2024
What is an adverse drug reaction?
An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a noxious, unintended response to a medicine. While some are relatively minor,...
August 2024
What is pharmacovigilance?
Pharmacovigilance (PV) is the term used to describe the practice of monitoring the effects of medicines after they...
July 2024
What evidence is used for a drug driving sentence?
Evidence to support drug driving charges may include: • Appearance (flushed face, bloodshot eyes, pinpoint or dilated pupils)...
May 2026
What are the most common types of medication errors?
The literature suggests that prescribing, administration, and monitoring errors are the most frequent.¹ Medicines are the most common...
May 2024
What is pharmacokinetics?
The definition of pharmacokinetics: “Pharmacokinetics is the study of kinetics of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of...